GALLERY

The military and political leaders of Greece during the Balkan Wars in a card of 1912. Crown Prince George, King Constantine I, prime-minister E. Venizelos, general P. Danglis and admiral P. Koundouriotis.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0228.
© War Museum, Athens.

Photograph from the Macedoniam front during the First World War.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

On the waterfront of Smyrna, a last effort of saving the Greeks who departed for good from their hearths.
Athens, Photohistorical archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni, Athens.

Photograph from the funeral of Th. Askitis, who has been the first dragoman of the Consulate of Thessaloniki. He has been assassinated during the Macedonian Struggle.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Imigymnasio, Urban School of Melenikon in northeastern Macedonia.
Athens, Photographic Archive of National Historical Museum.
© Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

Makedonomakhos Panayotis Papatzaneteas along with the body of the armed men he was heading in 1906.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum αρ. εισ. 0054.
© War Museum, Athens.

Photograph of army officers who participated in the Macedonian Struggle. Their presence in Macedonia intensified after the death of Pavlos Melas.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0024.
© War Museum, Athens.

Villa Allatini, residence of the Sultan Abdul Hamid in Thessaloniki, in which he lived in confinement with a small attendance until the liberation of the city by Greek troops after the prevalence of the Young Turk revolution.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Collection of letter-cards inv. no. 410.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

The Greeks of Smyrna celebrating the granting of equality and equality before the law by the Young Turk Constitution in July 1908.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, 14 September 1997, p. 7.
© Α. Maillis.

Shipbuilding and launching of the battleship G. Averoff.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0039.
© War Museum, Athens.

The Battle of Yanitsa on 19-20 October 1912.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0044.
© War Museum, Athens.

From the operations in the Epirus front in 1913. The commander-in-chief Constantine watches operations against Bizani fort.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0363.
© War Museum, Athens.

Picture from the operations in Strumnitsa during the Second Balkan War.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0312.
War Museum, Athens.

Ε. Venizelos visits Greek troops in Veroia in 1915.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

Parade of Greek military units during the First World War.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0119.
© War Museum, Athens.

Photograph of the "Triumvirate" of National Defence. Ε. Venizelos, general P. Danglis and admiral P. Koundouriotis along with their collaborators in the Government House of Thessaloniki.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of E. Venizelos inv. no. 173.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

French and Greek officers during the First World War.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0024.
© War Museum, Athens.

Eleftherios Venizelos and Pavlos Koundouriotis review the Greek units of the Allied Front during the First World War.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of Ε. Venizelos inv. no. 173.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

General Nider, commander of the 1st Army Corps, and colonel Stylianos Gonatas, sailing to Smyrna where the general will be in charge of the occupation army.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4954.
© War Museum, Athens.

Greek soldiers land in Smyrna in May 1919.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4917.
© War Museum, Athens.

Parade of Greek privates in Ahmetli after its recapture in June 1919.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 5149.
© War Museum, Athens.

The central street of Philadelphia after the liberation of the city by Greek forces on 11 June 1920.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 5270.
© War Museum, Athens.

The arrival of prime-minister Dimitrios Gounaris in the railway station of Kytahya on 14 July 1921.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0012.
© War Museum, Athens.

Celebrations from the reception of King Constantine in Smyrna in May. High Commissioner Aristeidis Stergiadis and commander-in-chief An. Papoulas.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic archive of Mavridis inv. no. 402.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

March of Greek army units in the plain of Eski Shehir on 9 July 1921.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0214.
© War Museum, Athens.

Mustapha Kemal and Ismet Inonou welcome the French deputy Franklin Bouillon as well as the colonel Sarrou in the railway station of Dorylaion (Eski Shehir) in May 1921.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922, Trochalia editions, Athens 1998, p. 197.
© J. Aktsoglou.

Mustapha Kemal.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922,Trochalia editions, Athens 1998, p. 73.
© J. Aktsoglou.

One of the dispatches issued by Kemal at the beginning of the Turkish offensive.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922, Trochalia editions, Athens 1998, p. 320.
© J. Aktsoglou.

The last hours of the Greeks in Smyrna. Crowds of refugees thronged the waterfront seeking a means of salvation, while at the back the burning buildings can be discerned.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.

Departure of refugees from Eastern Thrace by ships.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of L. Samaras inv. no. 371.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Georgios Roilos, I Machi ton Pharsalon, ca. 1897.
Oil on canvas 38Χ55 cm.
Athens, National Gallery, Koutlidis Collection inv. no. 433.
Kotidis, Α., Elliniki Techni: Zografiki 19ou aiona, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1995, p. 66, fig. 22.
© Ministry of Culture.

Commemorative photograph of the representatives of the Balkan states in the London Conference that had convened in December 1912 to regulate the fate of the territories of the Ottoman Empire.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

The plenary session of the Balkan states for the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest that had settled the borders of the Balkan states after the end of the Second Balkan War.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

Philippopolis. The Hill of the Ropewalkers with Zarifeia Schools.
Karzis, Th., Oi Patrides ton Ellinon: Mikra Asia, Konstantinoupoli, Anat. Thraki, Anat. Romilia, Pelagonia, Vor. Ipiros, N. Synora- Α.Α. Livanis editions, Athens 1992, p. 175.
© Ν. Synora-Α.Α. Livanis editions.

Photograph of American and French officers during the First World War.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0090.
© War Museum, Athens.

Eleftherios Venizelos with members of the Greek delegation in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-20. Sitting from left to right Lambros Koromilas, Nikolaos Politis, Eleftherios Venizelos, Athos Romanos and Andreas Michalakopoulos.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

Eleftherios Venizelos signs the Treaty of Sevres in the Town Hall of the city on 28/10 August 1920.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foudnation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

From the celebration of the Treaty of Sevres in Panathinaiko Stadio on 14/27 September 1920. Eleftherios Venizelos, King Alexander, Themistoklis Sophoulis, admiral Pavlos Koundouriotis, commander-in-chief Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, K. Raktivand as well as allied delegations can be discerned.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

The Greek Administration of Smyrna put special emphasis on public health as well as the relief of refugees. In the photograph the staff of the Red Cross in the Greek Hospital.
Chourchouli, Τ., Smirni: I poli tis Smyrnis prin apo tin katastrophi, Ν. Synora- Α.Α. Livanis editions, Athens 1991, p. 118.
© Ν. Synora-Α.Α. Livanis editions.

The commercial section of the waterfront of Smyrna.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni, Athens.

The Greek Administration in Smyrna organized corps of Gendarmerie and a relevant school. In the photograph gendarmes in front of the school's buildings.
Chourchouli, Τ., Smyrni: I poli tis Smyrnis prin apo tin katastrophi, Ν. Synora- Α.Α. Livanis editions, Athens 1991, p. 108.
© Ν. Synora-Α.Α Livanis editions.

After the Mudania armistice many inhabitants of Eastern Thrace were forced to abandon their hearths and become refugees. Refugees in the central street of Andrianoupolis. 1922.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 3149.
© War Museum, Athens.

The metropolitan of Kastoria Germanos Karavangelis (1900-1907).
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of Pavlos and Natalia Mela inv. no. 176.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Captain Kottas.
Athens, Benaki Museum.
Christopoulos, G. (ed), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous, volume 14, Neoteros Ellinismos apo to 1881 eos to 1913, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1977, p. 237.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Pavlos Melas with the uniform of second lieutenant.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0107.
© War Museum, Athens.

Tellos Agras.
Athens, Photographic Archive of National Historical Museum.
©Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

King Constantine I, 1914.
Oil painting by G.B. Scott 0,46X0,36 cm.
Athens, Benaki Museum cat. no. 1057.
Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, A., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 597, inv. no. 24146.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Eleftherios Venizelos.
Athens, History Foundation of Eleftherios Venizelos.
© History Foundation of Eleftherios Venizelos, Athens.

Ion Dragoumis.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0017.
© War Museum, Athens.

The High Commissioner of Smyrna Aristeidis Stergiadis with the leadership of the Greek army, L. Paraskevopoulos, N. Trikoupis, Th. Pangalos and P. Mavromichalis.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 5115.
© War Museum, Athens.

Commander-in-chief Anastasios Papoulas.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0018.
© War Museum, Athens.

Commander-in-chief Georgios Hatzianestis reviews army units.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

Commander-in-chief Leonidas Paraskevopoulos announces the mobilization of the inhabitants of Asia Minor. Next to him, in the balcony of the Metropolis building, the metropolitan of Smyrna Chrysostomos as well as Psaltoff brothers and the publisher of Amalthia Socratis Solomonidis can be discerned among others.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, 14 September 1997, p.17.
© Archeio Enosis Smyrnaion.

The metropolitan of Smyrna Chrysostomos.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of Pavlos and Natalia Mela inv. no. 176.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Nureddin Bey with Mustapha Kemal when the former was charged with the command of the Turkish 1st Army. December 1920.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922, Trochalia editions, Athens 1998, p. 172.
© J. Aktsoglou.

Lithograph of the period 1910-20. It depicts Ε. Venizelos breaking the shackles of Greece.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

E. Venizelos.
Athens, History Foundation of E. Venizelos.
© History Foundation of E. Venizelos, Athens.

Mustapha Kemal with his partners Rauf Huseyin (Orbay) and Bekir Sami.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922, Trochalia Editions, Athens 1998, p. 99.
© J. Aktsoglou.

While the Asia Minor campaign was under way, the living conditions of the soldiers were deteriorating. This fact increased the discontent of the soldiers and allowed the development of anti-war propaganda. In the photograph soup kitcen of the companies.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 5157.
© War Museum, Athens.

The secular section of the Smyrna waterfront with the famous Sporting Club. Letter-card of 1900.
Maillis, Α., Mikrasiatika Paralia apo ton Ponto sti Mesogeio, Epistolika Deltaria 1880-1920, editions Rodos Image, p. 145.
© Α. Maillis.

From the reception ceremony of Prince George as High Commissioner of Crete in 1898.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

Venizelos among his comrades during the revolt of Therissos.
Athens, Benaki Museum, photographic archive of Ε. Venizelos inv. no. 173.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

From the revolt of Therissos. E. Venizelos can be discerned among armed guerillas.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

The Executive Committee of Crete. From left to right M. Petychakis, E. Venizelos, president A. Michelidakis, Emm. Logiadis and Ch. Pologeorgis.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of Ε. Venizelos inv. no. 173.
© Benaki Museum.

The kintergarten of Vlatadon Monastery in a 1902 photograph.
Zafeiris, Ch., En Thessaloniki 1900-1960, Exantas editions, Athens 1994, p. 31
© Α. Papatzikas.

View of Kastoria.
Dakin, D., O Ellinikos Agonas sti Makedonia 1897-1913, Afoi Kyriakidi editions, Thessaloniki 1996, fig. 28.
© Institute for Balkan Studies.

The city of Argyrokastro in a 1917 photograph.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0018.
© War Museum, Athens.

Spyros Spyromilios, leader of the Greek guerilla bands in the area of Cheimara.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0016.
© War Museum, Athens.

The deportations of Greek populations from the coast of Asia Minor to the hinterland was one of the practices applied by the Young Turks. In the photograph Greeks marching towards the interior of Asia Minor.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 2885.
© War Museum, Athens.

The economic and intellectual development of the Greeks of Eastern Rumelia was considerably remarkable after the persecutions of 1906. In the photograph the "Marasleio" of Philippopolis that had housed the Greek boys' secondary school and the community library of the city in the period 1900-1906.
Christopoulos, G. (ed), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous, volume 14, Neoteros Ellinismos apo to 1881 os to 1913, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1977, p. 363.
© Κ. Mammonis.

The Greek Primary School "Vissis" in Thrace.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4858.
© War Museum, Athens.

The central sector of the city of Trebizond.
Maillis, Α., Mikrasiatika Paralia apo ton Ponto sti Mesogeio, Epistolika Deltaria 1880-1920, Rodos Image editions, p. 43.
© Α. Maillis.

The metropolitan of Trebizond Chrysanthos Philippidis.
Athens, Centre for Asia Minor Studies.
Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Centre of Asia Minor Studies, O teleftaios Ellinismos tis Mikras Asias, Athens 1974, fig. 124.
© Centre for Asia Minor Studies, Athens.

The island of Symi passed into Italian hands in 1912. In the photograph the Italian post-office in Yalos of Symi in the 1920's.
Photograph by Philiratos Pachos.
Kimoulakis, G., Symi me ta matia tis psychis, editions Sideri, Athens 1998, p. 43.
© Ph. Pachos.

General view of the city of Nicosia.
Chairetismous apo ti Lefkosia, Kart Postal 1901-1960, Cultural Centre of Popular Bank and Leventeio Municipal Museum of Nicosia 1993, p. 10.
© Cultural Centre of Popular Bank and Leventeio Municipal Museum of Nicosia.

The port of Ammohostos in a photograph of 1904.
Marangou, Α., Ta limania tis Kyprou, Cultural Centre of Popular Bank, Nicosia 1997, p. 22.
© Cultural Centre of Popular Bank, Nicosia.

The memorial service of Pavlos Melas in Kastoria.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Photographic Archive of Pavlos and Natalia Mela inv. no. 176.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

The personnel of the Consulate of Thessaloniki in 1908.
Athens, Photographic Archive of National Historical Museum.
© Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

Letter-card of 1907 with the White Tower Avenue.
Zafeiris, Ch., En Thessaloniki 1900-1960, Exantas editions, Athens 1994, p. 17.
© Α. Papatzikas.

Card of the time in Turkish and Greek. Festivities for the new Turkish Constitution of 1908 with the slogans of the French Revolution.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, 14 September 1997, p. 7
© Α. Maillis.

Soldiers during the Balkan Wars.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

The surrender of Thessaloniki. Tahsin Pasha hands his sword to the commander-in-chief Constantine on 25 October 1912.
Colour popular lithograph 42,5X60 cm/46,5Χ63 cm.
Athens, National Historical Museum no. 4951/61.
© Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

Bulgarian guns, booty from the Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas in 1913.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0215.
© War Museum, Athens.

Bulgarians prisoners of the Battle of Skra.
Athens, Benaki Museum, Collection of photographs of the First World War inv. no. 313.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

A unit of evzones lands in the port of Smyrna on 2 May 1919.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 5000.
© War Museum, Athens.

Barges that have been used for the conveyance of Greek army units to Smyrna.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4933.
© War Museum, Athens.

The metropolitan Chrysostomos with Periklis Mazarakis, the head of the Patriotic Foundation receive the forces of the Greek army in Smyrna on 2 May 1919.
Athens, Archive of the Smyrniots Union.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, 14 September 1997, p. 26.
© Archive of the Smyrniots Union.

The staff of the 5th Division with the Turkish booty from the battle of 5 June 1921. A few days later the allies will propose the suspension of operations and the search for a compromising solution between the two belligerent parties.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 3191.
© War Museum, Athens.

The metropolitan of Smyrna Chrysostomos during the ceremony of inauguration of the surgeries of the Red Cross in the Greek hospital Ayios Charalambos. Next to him captain I. Mavroudis and the chief medical officer V. Tsounoukas.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, 14 September 1997, p. 27
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

Mustapha Kemal reviews army units in August 1922.
Aktsoglou, J., Chroniko Mikrasiatikou Polemou 1919-1922, Trochalia editions, Athens 1998, p. 318.
© J. Aktsoglou.

Picture from the burning of Smyrna.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni, Athens.

Dramatic scenes unfold on the waterfront of Smyrna as many were expecting with agony their embarkation on some ship. In the photograph refugees are trying to embark in ships, while a launch of an American warship is sailing away.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.

Picture of Smyrna after the burning.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of Municipality of Nea Smyrni, Athens.

The Armenian quarter of Afyon Karahisar became a target of the Kemalist forces just before they departed from the city on 4 July 1921. In the photograph a spot of mass executions.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 0037.
© War Museum, Athens

Asia Minor refugees on the deck of a ship.
Athens, Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni.
© Photohistorical Archive of the Municipality of Nea Smyrni, Athens.

Group of Greek prisoners who have returned from the Kemalist camps.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4915.
© War Museum, Athens.

Asia Minor refugees.
Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive.

Greek prisoners who survived from the Kemalist camps.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 4363.
© War Museum, Athens.

Greek prisoner just after his dismissal from the Kemalist camps.
Athens, Photographic Archive of War Museum no. 3657.
© War Museum, Athens.