GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE DOMESTIC POLICY FOREIGN POLICY SOCIETY ECONOMY CULTURE

The Academy, the University and the National Library. The notable architecture Athenian Trilogy, a work of the Hansen brothers.
Athens, Municipal Gallery.
Kyriazi, N., I Pinakothiki tou Dimou Athinaion: Elliniki Zographiki, Charaktiki, Glyptiki, Athens Municipality-Cultural Centre, Athens 1994, p. 24.
© Municipal Gallery, Athens.

O Kyklos tis Estias (The Circle of Estia), the contributors of the literary periodical Estia in 1893, one year before its change into a newspaper. A characterstic photograph of the representatives of the generation of the 1880's. Second row beginning from the left: G. Psycharis, D. Kaklamanos, G. Kasdonis (editor of the periodical), I. Vlachogiannis, K. Palamas, G. Drosinis, Gr. Xenopoulos. First row from left: Th. Vellianitis, Perris, N. Politis, St. Stephanou, M. Lampros, G. Souris, Emm. Roidis and Emm. Lykoudis.
Kairophylas, G., I Athina kai oi Athinaioi, vol. 2, Philippoti Publications, Athens 1995, p. 59.
© G. Kairophylas.

The cover of the work of Andreas Kalvos I Lyra (The Lyre), Geneva, printing-house of Guile Fick., 1824.
Athens, National Library Greece, issue No. 602/16.
Thissavroi tis Ethnikis Vivliothikis, National Library Greece, Athens 1999, p. 250, pic. 200.
© National Library Greece, Athens.

Gerasimos Markoras (1826-1911).
Painting of N. Lytras.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 6, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 53.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

Achilleas Paraschos (1838-1895). He was one of the most significant representatives of the New Athenian School.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 8, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 170.
© Ekdotike Athenon.

Ioannis Papadiamantopoulos-Jean Moreas (1856-1910).
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 171, fig. 330.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Georgios Roillos, The poets, p. 1919.
Oil on canvas 130x170 cm.
The painting depicts some of the most important poets of the generation of 1880, representatives of the New Athenian School. On the right A. Proveleggios is reading one of his poems while from left to right are G. Stratigis, G. Drosinis, I. Polemis, K. Palamas and G. Souris.
Athens, Gallery of the Literary Society Parnassos.
Kotidis, A, Elliniki Techni: Neoelliniki Zographiki tou 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 101, fig. 64.
© Parnassos Literary Society, Athens.

Emmanouil Roidis (1836-1904).
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 172, fig. 335.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

The cover of the work of Dimitrios Vikelas Loukis Laras, 2nd edition, Parnassos Printing-house, Athens 1881.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

The excavation activity of the Archaeological Society of Athens is particularly intense at the end of the 19th century in Attica and other parts of the country. Picture of the excavations in the Dionysos theatre.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 184, fig. 402.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

The excavations of Heinrich Schliemann in the area of Mycenae in 1876 are considered as the most important ones to have been carried out until that period, as the archaeological excavation brought to light wonderful archaeological finds which revealed the Mycenaean civilization. Photograph: the "treasure of Agamemnon".
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 187, fig. 427.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

The institution of the poetry competitions determined at a great degree the intellectual life of the country. The awards of K. Krystallis (picture) at the Philadelpheio competition are indicative of the change observed after the 1880's.
Oil painting of P. Lempesis.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 5, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 106.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

At that time, the publication of the literary periodicals is significant. Photograph: the cover page of the periodical Ephterpi of the issue published on February 16, 1850.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Ernst Ziller, Athens Theatre, 1886.
Watercolour 55x82 cm.
Athens, Municipal Gallery, No. 899.
Kyriazis, N., I Pinakothiki tou Dimou Athinaion: ELliniki Zographiki-Charaktiki-Glyptiki, Athens Municipality-Cultural Centre, Athens 1994, p. 26, fig. 11.
© Municipal Gallery, Athens.

Photograph of the Marathon runner and Olympic champion Spyros Louis wearing the national costume.
Tselika, V., Olympiakoi agones 1896: To photographiko Lefkoma tou Albert Mauer, Exantas Publications-Benaki Museum, Athens 1995, p. 68, fig. 19.
© Exantas Publications-Benaki Museum.

The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games of 1896.
Giakoumis, Ch., I Ellada: Photographiko kai logotechniko taxidi ston 19o aiona, Bastas-Plessas Publications, Athens 1998, p. 145.
© Ch. Giakoumis.

Dionysios Solomos (1798-1857).
Athens, Benaki Museum.
Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 582, fig. 1025.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

The Hymn to Liberty, Imnos is tin Eleftherian of Dionisios Solomos. Printed at Missolonghi by the printing-house of D. Mestheneas in 1825.
Athens, National Library Greece, N.F. 1043/8.
Thisavroi tis Ethnikis Vivliothikis, National Library Greece, Athens 1999, p. 251, fig. 201.
© National Library Greece, Athens.

Alexandros Rizos Ragavis (1809-1892).
Athens, Benaki Museum.
Christopoulos, G. (ed), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: Neoteros Ellinismos apo 1833 os 1881, vol. 13, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1977, p. 505.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Nikiphoros Lytras, To Psariano Moiroloi, (The Dirge of Psara) 1888.
Oil on canvas 97x140 cm.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, No. 474.
Kotidis, A, Elliniki Techni: Neoelliniki Zographiki tou 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 106 , fig. 68.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

Nikolaos Gyzis, Arravoniasmata, (Engagement Ceremony) 1877.
Oil on canvas 103x155 cm.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, Νο. 110.
Kotidis, A, Elliniki Techni: Neoelliniki Zographiki tou 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 110-111, fig. 72.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

The cover of the work of Claude Fauriel Chants populaires de la Grece Moderne, vol. 1 , Paris 1824.
Athens, Institute of Neohellenic Research-National Hellenic Research Foundation.
Politis, A., Claude Fauriel: Ellinika Dimotika Tragoudia, I ekdosi tou 1824-1825, University of Crete Publications, Herakleion 1999.
© Institute of Neohellenic Research-National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.

Panagiotis Soutsos (1806-1868).
His linguistic manifesto Nea Scholi tou Graphomenou Logou New School of written speech) or Anastasis tis archaias ellinikis glossis ennooumenis ypo panton which was published in 1853, expresses the main positions of the representatives of the First Athenian School who were supporters of the katharevousa in the dispute that had broken out for the language.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 9a, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 345.
© Ekdotike Athenon.

Giannis Psycharis (1854-1929).
Innovative linguist, one the most important demoticists of his period, as the publication of his book To Taxidi mou (My Journey) in 1888 gave new dimensions to the dispute between the demoticists and the supporters of the Katharevousa supporting the prevalence of the demotic language.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 180, fig. 375.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Nikolaos Chalikiopoulos-Mantzaros (1795-1872).
Oil painting of G. Kalosgourou.
Corfu, Town hall.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 6, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 12.
© Municipality of Corfu.

The initial town planning of Athens in 1833 according to the plans of the architectures St. Kleanthis and Edward Saubert.
Athens, Archaeological Society Library.
Christopoulos, G. (ed), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: Neoteros Ellinismos apo 1833 os 1881, vol. 13, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1977, p. 516.
© Archaeological Society, Athens.

The Polytechnic School. The trend of neoclassicism characterizes most public buildings which are erected in the 19th century in Athens and other towns of Greece.
Papageorgiou, S., Ellines Evergetes: Axioi tis Ethnikis Evgnomosynis, Cultural Organization of the Municipality of Athens-Papazisis Publications, Athens 1997, p. 168.
© Municipality of Athens-Papazisis publications.

Ioannis Altamouras, Naval battle in the gulf of Patras, 1874.
Oil on canvas 59x115 cm.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, No. 213.
Kotidis, A., Elliniki Techni: Zographiki 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 64, fig. 20.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

Aristeidis L. Rovertos, Ancient Vases, 1855.
Woodcut, 11x14,3 cm.
Nea Pandora, No. 126, (1855), p. 138.
Christou, Ch., Elliniki Techni: neoelliniki Charaktiki, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1994, p. 43, fig. 11.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Dimitris Philippotis, O Xylothraphstis, (The wood-chopper) 1875.
Marble, height 1,10 m.
Athens, Zappeio Garden, 1st Ephorate of Contemporary and Modern Monuments, Hellenic Ministry of Culture/A.R.F.
Mykoniatis, I., Elliniki Techni: Neoelliniki Glyptiki, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1996, p. 49, fig. 22-23.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

Giannoulis Chalepas, The Sleeping Lady (burial monument of Sophia Aphentaki), 1878.
Marble, length 1,70 m.
Athens, Municipal Gallery.
Mykoniatis, I., Elliniki Techni: Neoelliniki Glyptiki, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1996, p. 57, fig. 30.
© Municipal Gallery, Athens.

Manuscript of Dionisios Solomos from the poem Eleftheroi Poliorkimenoi, "The Free Besieged", [No. 27 a, b.].
Athens, Academy.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, May 24, 1998, p. 28.
© Academy, Athens.

Aristotelis Valaoritis (1824-1879).
Oil painting by Spyridon Prosalentis.
E. Karapanagiotis Collection.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 2, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1990, p. 141.
© E. Karapanagiotis.

Issue No 135, November 1, 1855 of the periodical Pandora in which the first part of the novel of Pavlos Kalligas Thanos Vlekas was published.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Alexandros Papadiamantis (1851-1911).
I. Bastias Collection.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 8, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens, p. 136.
© I. Bastias.

Dionisios Solomos.
Drawing by G. Varlamos.
Athens, National Library Greece.
Thysavroi tis Ethnikis Vivliothikis, National Library Greece, Athens 1999, p. 249.
© National Library, Athens.

Cover of the first edition of To Taxidi mou "My Journey" of Giannis Psycharis, Printing-house of S.K. Vlastos, Athens 1888.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.
GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE DOMESTIC POLICY FOREIGN POLICY SOCIETY ECONOMY CULTURE