Johann M. Wittmer: View of Athens from the Ilissos river, 1833.
Watercolour 0,24x0,39 m.
Athens, Benaki Museum.
Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, A., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 573, fig. 1007.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Tripolis. Until the Greek War of Independence Tripolis was the most important administrative, military and economic centre of the Peloponnese. The decline of Tripolis and other regional political centres during the 19th century is associated with the predominance of centralized apparatus of the modern state.
Lithograph of St. Aulaire.
S., Markezinis, Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1967, p. 274.
© S., Markezinis.

Greek bandits transferred as hostages to Athens. Published in Eikonographimena Nea tou Londinou in May, 1870.
Nicolas, A., 1842-1885: Ellada Istoriki Eikonographimeni, Mia Pliris Syllogi istorikon topographikon kai kallitechnikon dokoumenton me 280 gravoures epochis, Athens 1984, p. 103.
© A. Nicolas.

Nikolaos Kasomoulis (1795-1872).
He participated in the War of Independence and occupied military offices during both the period of Kapodistrias and that of Otto. He took part in the repression of the revolts of 1836 for which he provides valuable imformation in the Imerologio. He wrote his memoirs, titled Stratiotika Enthymimata
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 4, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 329.
© Ekdotike Athenon.

Nikitas Stamatelopoulos (1787-1849).
He was a chieftain from the Peloponnese, a relative and close cooperator of Theodoros Kolokotronis. Although he was acquitted in the trial of the "Philorthodox Society", Otto ordered his restriction to Aegina where he remained until September 1841.
Athens, Archeio Prosopographion Kentrou Neoellinikon Erevnon- National Hellenic Research Foundation.
© Institute of Neohellenic Research- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.

The square Klathmonos with the Mint.
According to one version the square was named after the lament (klathmos) of the state employees. The latter seem to have assembled at this square after their dismissal because of the governmental changes.
Travlos, I., Manousakis, G., Neoklassiki Architektoniki stin Ellada, Commercial Bank of Greece Publications, Athens 1967, p. 94.
© Commercial Bank of Greece.

The religious celebrations and festivals were an opportunity for making kinship bonds. Fraternizations, godparenthood and marriages were finalized and announced so that everyone would know of the new relation. Picture: the festival at Thebes.
Koliopoulos, G., Listes: I Kentriki Ellada sta mesa tou 19ou aiona, Ermis Pubilcations, Athens 1998.
© Ermis Publications.

Composed on the basis of kinship bonds, the protection networks constituted one of the adaptation strategies which were developed in traditional environments such as those of semi-nomadic stock-raisers.
Koliopoulos, G., Listes: I Kentriki Ellada sta mesa tou 19ou aiona, Ermis Pubilcations, Athens 1998.
© Ermis Pubilcations.

The structure of the general education in the years 1833-1837.
Christopoulos, G. (ed), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: Neoteros Ellinismos apo 1833 os 1881, vol. 13, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1977, p. 491.
© Ekdotike Athenon

The building of the Ionian Academy.
Kathimerini, Epta Imeres, May 24, 1998, p. 6.
© Solomos Museum, Corfu.

Jacobs Phillip Fallmerayer (1790-1861).
Athens, Archeio Prosopographion Kentrou Neoellinikon Erevnon- National Hellenic Research Foundation.
© Institute of Neohellenic Research- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.

Spyridon Zampelios (1815-1881).
The tripartite shape of the Hellenic history that he suggested constituted the base of Neohellenic Greek historism.
Athens, Archeio Prosopographion Kentrou Neoellinikon Erevnon- National Hellenic Research Foundation.
© Institute of Neohellenic Research- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.

The cover of Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: Apo archaiotaton chronon mechri neoteron of Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos, vol. 1, Athens 1865.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 174 , fig. 347.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Makrygiannis (1797-1864).
Nickname of Ioannis Triantaphyllodimitris. Makrygiannis was from Rumeli. Before the Greek War of Independence he was a merchant in the district of Arta where he met chieftain Bakolas. During the War of Independence he was one of the loyal chieftains to the administration. This helped him occupy military offices. The discovery of his Memoirs in the beginning of the 20th century inspired the generation of the 1930's for a re-examination of the Greek character. Recently a second manuscript text was discovered and was published with the title Oramata kai Thamata.
Athens, War Museum
© War Museum of Athens.

Kanellos Deligiannis (1780-1862).
K. Deligiannis belonged to one of the most significant notable families of the Peloponnese. In his memmoirs he underlines the participation and role of the notables during the War of Independence in which he and his family played an important role.
Athens National Historical Museum.
Ekpaidephtiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 3, Athens 1990, p. 253.
© Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

Papoulakos (1780-1861)
came from the district of Kalavryta. At the end of the 1840's he appeared in the region as a monk with the name Christophoros. His sermon in the beginning of the 1850's raised social tensions in the Peloponnese, as thousands of faithful people followed him while he was warmly welcomed wherever he went. This resulted in his arrest and restriction to the monastery of Panachrantos on Andros where he lived until his death.
Mount Athos, Monastery of Agios Grigorios Sinaitou.
Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 8 , Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 165.
© Holy Community of Mount Athos.

The front page of the satirical newspaper Rabagas of September 8, 1888. The newspaper was published in 1878 by the journalists from Constantinople Kleanthis Triantaphyllos and Vlasis Gavriilidis, the publisher of the Akropoli. Frequently, behind the satirical titles of Rabagas are new poets of the period, such as Palamas and Drosinis.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
Portolos, D., O Charilaos Trikoupis kai i Epochi tou,, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens 1996, p. 190.
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.

Photograph of Lavrion. The strikes that took place at Lavrion in the 1880's and 1890's constitute the first important mobilization of workers in the Greek state.
Agriantoni, Ch., Belavilas, N., Istorikos Viomichanikos Exoplismos stin Ellada, National Polytechnic School of Greece - Odysseas Publications, Athens 1998, p. 110.
© Odysseas Publications.

Kalliroi Parren (1859-1940).
Athens, Lyceum Club of Greek Women.
© Lyceum Club of Greek Women, Athens.

Charalampos Pachis, Topio apo tin Kerkyra, (Landscape of Corfu) 1873.
Oil on canvas 53x73 εκ.
The town of Corfu was one of the most important urban centres of the Greek state despite the immobility and decline in the late 19th century.
Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, Koutlidis Collection No. 439.
Kotidis, A., Elliniki Techni: Zographiki tou 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 167, fig. 137.
© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.

Since the establishment of the Greek state, Athens claims the political primacy in the framework of the Hellenism and appears as a national centre. However, Constantinople remains the most signifiant economic and cultural centre for all the Greek populations, within and beyond the Greek kingdom. Picture: Constantinople at the end of the 19th century.
Kesisoglou-Karystinou, M., Enoria tis Agias Konstantinoupoleos: Tzibali, Foundation of the Hellenic World, Athens 1998, p. 246.
© A. Millas.

Manuscript of Ioannis Makrygiannis.
Athens, Benaki Museum.
Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, A., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 534, fig. 941.
© Benaki Museum, Athens.

Bandit of the period.
Lithograph of H. Belle.
Koliopoulos, G., Listes: I Kentriki Ellada sta mesa tou 19ou aiona, Ermis Publications, Athens 1988.
© Ermis Publications.

The front page of the newspaper Ephimeris ton Kyrion.
Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive
© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.