The new crisis of the Eastern Question would effect the political developments in the country as well. The creation of national societies as a reply to the movement of Pan-Slavism, the extent of military preparation, new revolts in Epirus, Thessaly, Macedonia and Crete and the time-consuming negotiations on the terms of annexation (e.g. boundaries) of Thessaly to the Greek kingdom, would constitute a recurring object of political opposition and dispute in the first years of governments with a parliamentary majority. In this period the leading figure in the political life of the country was undoubtedly Al. Koumoundouros, the winner of the elections of 1875. Until the elections of 1881, which marked the end of his political career, he was elected prime minister six times, governing in total for more than four years. At the same time Ch. Trikoupis proved to be his main rival. Ch. Trikoupis was a forceful politician who, towards the end of the 1870s, gradually rallied round his party the so-called Neoteriko, the various political forces opposed to Al. Koumoundouros. Apart from the appreciation of Georgios, Ch. Trikoupis also had the support of the rising social powers which took action over the economy and subsidized the restructuring of the political field.

Thus, in this period, the foundations were created for the formation of a two-party political system, which was realized at the beginning of the 1880s. A landmark in these developments were the elections of 1881. The winner was Ch. Trikoupis thanks to the unexpected attitude of the deputies of Thessaly, whose representatives appeared for the first time in the Greek Parliament. It was also the first time that Trikoupis became prime minister without the support of the king but with the confidence of the majority of the newly-elected deputies in him. However, it was the last time that Al. Koumoundouros appeared in the political life of the country. Disappointed by the result of the election, he retired from active politics. He died about one year later, on 26th February 1883.