After the dethronement of Otto, the Provisional Government prepared an election to be held in November 1862. On the basis of the electoral results the Second National Assembly was held on 10th December. Its proceedings lasted two years and ended in November 1864 with the completion of the new constitution of the country. Apart from voting on the new constitution, the National Assembly handled the matter of the election of the king as well as the union of the Ionian Islands with Greece. The Ionian Islands had been granted as a gift from Britain to the new king.

These developments did not subdue the disputes and political hatred. Conversely, the political world was divided into two opposite poles: the mountaineers and the plainsmen, as the supporters of K. Kanaris and those of D. Voulgaris were respectively named (according to the French model). The political controversies frequently ended in governmental crises, such as the Fevruariana, that is, the events of February (1863), which were the reason for the abolition of the Provisional Government and the assignment of power to the National Assembly. In fact, in June 1863 the centre of Athens was transformed for several days into a real battlefield, as armed conflicts took place between the supporters of the two sides. In these conflicts armed forces and gangs of bandits participated on both sides. The Iouniana, the events of June, ended with the signing of a truce and the composition of a new Provisional Government which was ironically named Provisional Government of the Plateau because it was made up of both mountaineers and plainsmen. This government possessed executive power until the arrival of Georgios in Greece.