filioque: A latin word meaning "and from the Son". It was added to the Creed (Nicaea's-Constantinople's) in the Council of Toledo in Spain in 589. In this Council it was affirmed that Holy Spirit derives also from the Son. This belief was one of the reasons of the Schism ocurred between the Eastern and the Western Church (1054).

Frankish kingdom: a state created in the region of Gaul by the sovereign of the German tribe, Chlodovechus after he subdued the tiny state of the Roman Syagrios that was in the area (486).