The enthusiasm and euphoria that prevailed immediately after the liberation (autumn of 1944) ignited sudden changes in the intelligentsia and to the wider intellectual environment. The perception about art that was shaped in the 30s and remained the same during the Occupation was radically transformed. Subjectivity and individualism that were prevalent in various fields, such as literature, were replaced by the glorification of collectivity, of the notion of "people", of "nation" etc.

In the field of theatre and fine arts, the enthusiasm after the liberation was replaced by disappointment about the escalation of the civil war. Political discord sealed irreversibly almost all of the intellectuals; many were exiled or became refugees. Besides the 30s generation, which was literally transformed regarding the subjects and the approaches that it adopted (patriotism, a style that was often more popular by T. Petsalis, Τ. Athanasiadis etc.), new faces emerge (Μ. Kranaki, Α. Lyberaki, S. Patatzis, R. Apostolidis etc.). In the end of the decade, with the civil war polarizing completely the country, a significant part of literature reached the limits of ideological propaganda.